Both ultrasonic and sonic level instruments operate on the basic principle of using sound waves to determine fluid level. Frequency meter, device for measuring the repetitions per unit of time customarily, a second of a complete electromagnetic waveform. Lcr meter working principle and uses science struck. The main principle of working of weston type frequency meter is that when an current flows through the two coils which are perpendicular to each other, due to these currents some magnetic fields will produce and thus the magnetic needle will deflects towards the stronger magnetic field showing the measurement of frequency on the meter. Humidity sensor is one of the most important devices that has been widely in consumer, industrial, biomedical, and environmental etc. Antenna is optimized further processing, the new fast microprocessors have higher speed and efficiency can be done signal analysis, the instrumentation can be used for reactor, solid silo and very complex measurement environment. This water content in the air is a key factor in the wellness of mankind. Digital tachometers are more common these days and they provide numerical readings instead of dials and needles. The frequency meter consists one inductive and one resistive coil. Measuring or working principle of coriolis mass flow meter. Digital frequency meter is a general purpose instrument that displays the frequency of a. Write the working principle of resonance type frequency meter.
Frequency converter components the rectifier because it is difficult to change the frequency of an ac sine wave while in the ac mode, the first job of a frequency converter is to convert the wave to dc. A digital tachometer circuit comprises lcd or led readout and a memory for storage. Daniel series 1200 and 1500 liquid turbine flow meter systems combine turbine meters and electronic instrumentation to measure volumetric total flow andor flow rate. One or two magnetic pickoffs are mounted in a boss on the meter body. The number of pulses counted at the output terminal during. Analog frequency meter working principle your electrical. Frequency is a measure of how fast a body is vibrating and is used to identify the source of vibration. The signal may be amplified before being applied to schmitt trigger. The frequency of input signal is the displayed count, averaged over a suitable counting interval out of.
In ac electrical power systems, a synchroscope is a device that indicates the degree to which two systems generators or power networks are synchronized with each other for two electrical systems to be synchronized, both systems must operate at the same frequency, and the phase angle between the systems must be zero and two polyphase systems must have the same phase sequence. To the other terminal of the gate, a pulse of 1 sec is applied as shown in the fig. Now the lcr meter is used to measure the voltage and the current across the dut. Vibrating reed mechanical resonance type frequency meter. Analog frequency meter circuit electronic circuits. The actual frequency of the vibration depends on the size of the mass flow meter, and ranges from 80 to vibrations per second. Many are instruments of the deflection type, ordinarily used for measuring low frequencies but capable of being used for frequencies as high as 900 hz. Q meter circuit diagram working principle impedance. Frequency meter is used to measure frequency in hz. A frequency meter has a small device which converts the sinusoidal voltage of the frequency into a train of unidirectional pulses. A typical multimeter may include features such as the ability to measure. When the frequency of the signal varies from standard frequency, the current distribution across the coils becomes changes. When using a frequency counter, it helps to understand how the frequency counter works to be able to use it to its best and gain the most accurate readings. After calibrating voltage, the meter can be calibrated in terms of ohms.
So, electronic type of threephase energy meter is explained below with its working principle. Hi friends, in this article, i am discussing about analog frequency meter working principle and hope you will find it informative and helpful. Basics of vibration measurement instrumentation tools. Playing around with a vibrating reed frequency meter. We pass an ac voltage through a dut device under test.
This meter is able to perform current, voltage and. Digital multimeter working principle analyse a meter. As the adjustment and control of the system control, there are real time spectrum analyzer and scan tune spectrum analyzer. Mechanical resonance type frequency meter working principle when the vibrating reed frequency meter or mechanical resonance type frequency meter is connected across the supply whose frequency is to be measured an alternating current i flows through the coil of an electromagnet which produces a force of attraction on the reeds. Frequency meter article about frequency meter by the. The frequency of input signal is the displayed count, averaged over a suitable counting interval out of 0.
A pulse of 1 s is applied to the other terminal, and the number of pulses counted during this period indicates the frequency. The conductivity meter a typical conductivity meter applies an alternating current i at an optimal frequency1 to two active electrodes and measures the potential v. According to the measurement principle, it is very. If problems arise with the flow meter and monitor, consult appendix a troubleshooting guide on page 11. How does a frequency counter work electronics notes.
The amplitude of the vibration is too small to be seen, but it can be felt by touch. When connected to loads, they consume less power and start measuring instantaneous. Pdf on jan 1, 2000, rabee hashim alabbasi and others published. The individual pulses are then summated through the use of an electromechanical meter, and are made available at a pulse output as well. Pressure drop devices based on bernoulli principle a venturi b orifice plate c pitot tube 2. The weston frequency meter is a moving iron instrument used for measuring the unknown frequency of a signal. The digital frequency meter is commonly called a counter since it determines the frequency by electronically counting the number of cycles of an unknown signal in a standard time interval, usually 1 second. Both the current and the potential are used to calculate the conductance iv. Each daniel turbine meter is comprised of a cylindrical housing that contains a precise turbine rotor assembly.
The function of the real time spectrum analyzer is to show the signal amplitude of the frequency. The q meter uses in a laboratory for testing the radio frequency of the coils. If the internal components of the turbine flow meter are damaged beyond repair, turbine meter repair kits are available. This series of radar level meter adopted 26g high frequency radar sensor, the maximum measurement range can reach up to 70 meters. As shown in the block diagram, in a typical digital multimeter the input signal i. Digital frequency meter circuit diagram and working principle. It is used in ranges from 10 to 1, 000 hz electrical meter is mainly used for measuring purpose. Principle of operation of the digital frequency meter a frequency meter has a small device that converts the sinusoidal voltage of the frequency into a train of unidirectional pulses. Introduction to digital tachometer circuit working with. The action of moving iron analog frequency meter depends on the variation in current drawn by two parallel circuits one inductive and the other noninductive when the frequency changes construction of moving iron analog frequency meter.
The signal waveform is converted to trigger pulses and applied continuously to an and gate, as shown in fig. A multimeter ora multitester, also known as a voltohm meter or vom is, an. A frequency meter is an instrument that displays the frequency of a periodic electrical signal. Line frequency meter based on reciprocal countinguse. Contents introduction to digital frequency meter basic building blocks of frequency meter typical specifications of frequency meter applications 3. Block diagram, principle of operation text books 1. The main principle of working of weston type frequency meter is that when an current flows through the two. Digital frequency meter is commonly called a counter since it determines the frequency by electronically counting the number of cycles of an unknown signal. Electrical energy meters principles and applications. There are many function control buttons on the board of the spectrum analyzer. Humidity is defined as the amount of water present in the surrounding air.
When the required resolution of the displayed frequency is 1hz, the instrument becomes simple. Application notes on the working principle of torsional. Pdf design of simple frequency meter using pll technique. A device calibrated to indicate frequency of a radio wave. However, when the resolution required is other than 1hz, like, say, 0. The conductivity meter then uses the conductance and cell constant to display the conductivity. The frequency of the input signal is the displayed count, averaged over an appropriate count interval of 0. The q meter measures the quality factor of the circuit which shows the total energy dissipated by it. Simplified circuit diagram of the 100kc crystal oscillator used in the type 1150a digital frequency meter.
If a fixed voltage is applied to the circuit, a voltmeter across the capacitor can be calibrated to read. The signal waveform whose frequency is to be measured is converted into tngger pulses and applied continuously to one terminal of an and gate. Frequency meter an instrument for measuring the frequency of periodic processes oscillations. A mas s flow meter operating on the corioli s principle c ontain s a v ibra ting tube i n which a fluid flow caus es changes i n frequen c y, phase s hift or am plitude. Experimental verification of the basic principles involved is carried out. As you will see a little later, it is relatively easy to manipulate dc in order to make it look like ac. The structure of spectrum analyzer seems like the oscilloscope which is used for the time domain. The principle of operation of digital frequency meter is given by. The q meter working principle is based on series resonance. A rotating object may be a bike tire, a car tire or a ceiling fan, or any other motor, and so on.
A digital multimeter much like an analog meter, it is able to read voltage, current, and resistance. A digital multimeter dmm is a multifunctional meter that displays its electrical quantitative values on an lcd screen. Ultrasonic level sensor working principle pdf england. The weston frequency meter works on the principle that whenever the frequency of the measurand signal varies, the distribution of current between the inductive and the resistive circuit of the meter changes. Digital multimeter working principle electrical academia. If a vibration is at the same frequency as the shaft speed, this will be 1x or 1 time shaft speed. Analog frequency meter circuit using ne555 this 1khz linearscale analog frequency meter circuit uses the 555 as a pulse counter. It also explains the properties of the coil and capacitor.
Functional block diagram of digital frequency meter contents hide 1. As frequency counters are widely used within rf laboratories and in many other areas, a good basic understanding of their operation and how they work comes in very useful. Digital frequency meter frequency measurement high. Under the alternating current effect, the electromagnetic coils mounted on the measuring tube will make two parallel measuring tubes vibrating at a certain fixed frequency. Eastwood, acoustic technology limited atl conditioning monitoring division, c. Normally frequency is expressed in shaft rotative speed. The magnitude of the impedance can be calculated from the ratio of these two quantities. Moving iron frequency meter construction, working principle and circuit diagram. Pdf design of equal precision frequency meter based on fpga. Analog frequency meter working principle your electrical guide. Direct frequency counting is one of the many possible methods as shown in fig. A singlephase meter is used in alternating current systems. The following figure describes the basic working principle of digital frequency meter. A digital tachometer is a digital device that measures and indicates the speed of a rotating object.
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